Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sat 27 Dec 2014

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 60°–72° is the 6th, Shukla Shashthi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:38 here. Panchami ended at 09:46 Fri, before it. Shashthi ends at 07:24, when the lead reaches 72°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 21 Dec, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Saptami began at 07:24 and ended at 05:23 Sun, between the sunrises of 06:38 and 06:38 Sun. Saturday reads Shashthi and Sunday reads Ashtami: Saptami is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Fri 26 Dec ran from sunset 19:49 Fri to sunrise 06:38, 10 h 49 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:38 to 19:49, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:49 to 06:38 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Bhadrapada spans 320°00′–333°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 320°. It leaves at 00:08 Sun, for Uttara Bhadrapada.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 251.4° + 323° = 574.4°, one full turn and 214.4°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 213°20′–226°40′ is the 17th, Vyatipata. It ends at 01:59 Sun, then Variyana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Shashthi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 20:32 Fri, when the lead reached 66°; Taitila runs until 07:24.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:38 to 06:38 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 20 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 21 Dec, with the Sun in Dhanu, began Pausha. This Shukla paksha reads Pausha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 30 Mar 2014, 15:44 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 265.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2071; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1936.