Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Mon 4 Nov 2013

The tilak is applied in aparahna, the fourth fifth of the day. Dwitiya runs from 08:31 on Mon 4 Nov to 05:56 on Tue 5 Nov, so only Monday’s aparahna (14:13–16:46) falls within it. No text giving Bhai Dooj’s time was found; aparahna is Tithika’s convention.

Bhai Dooj: every date in Ipameri

Govardhan Puja is done in pratahkala, the first fifth of the day. Pratipada runs from 10:49 on Sun 3 Nov to 08:31 on Mon 4 Nov, so it touches only Monday’s pratahkala (06:32–09:06). No text giving Govardhan Puja’s time was found; pratahkala is Tithika’s convention.

Govardhan Puja: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 0°–12° is the 1st, Shukla Pratipada. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:32 here. Amavasya ended at 10:49 Sun, before it. Pratipada ends at 08:31, when the lead reaches 12°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 3 Nov, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Dwitiya began at 08:31 and ended at 05:56 Tue, between the sunrises of 06:32 and 06:32 Tue. Monday reads Pratipada and Tuesday reads Tritiya: Dwitiya is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sun 3 Nov ran from sunset 19:20 Sun to sunrise 06:32, 11 h 12 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:32 to 19:20, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:20 to 06:32 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 24 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Vishakha spans 200°00′–213°20′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 206°40′. It leaves at 13:53, for Anuradha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 198° + 208.9° = 406.9°, one full turn and 46.9°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 40°00′–53°20′ is the 4th, Saubhagya. It ends at 16:28, then Shobhana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Pratipada is Kinstughna and the second Bava. Kinstughna ended at 21:43 Sun, when the lead reached 6°; Bava runs until 08:31.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:32 to 06:32 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Tula gives Kartika. The Sun enters Vrishchika on 16 Nov, inside the month. The next new moon, 2 Dec, finds it in Vrishchika and begins Margashirsha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 3 Nov, with the Sun in Tula, began Kartika. This Shukla paksha reads Kartika in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 10 Apr 2013, 06:35 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 201.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2070; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1935.