Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Mon 16 Jul 2012

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 21:30 on Sun 15 Jul to 23:19 on Mon 16 Jul, so only Monday’s pradosha (17:54–20:28) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Ipameri

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi began at 23:19 on Mon 16 Jul, before that night’s nishitha, and ended at 00:38 on Wed 18 Jul, partway into the next. The Nirnayasindhu takes the night Chaturdashi fills: Mon 16 Jul. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:43 here. Dwadashi ended at 21:30 Sun, before it. Trayodashi ends at 23:19, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 3 Jul, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 05:33, came before Dwadashi ended at 06:00: this day reads Dwadashi.

Ipameri · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 06:43, came after Dwadashi ended at 21:30 Sun: this day reads Trayodashi.

The night of Sun 15 Jul ran from sunset 17:53 Sun to sunrise 06:43, 12 h 50 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:43 to 17:54, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:54 to 06:43 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Mrigashira spans 53°20′–66°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 56°40′. It leaves at 22:54, for Ardra.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 90.2° + 58.5° = 148.7°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 146°40′–160°00′ is the 12th, Dhruva. It ends at 03:23 Tue, then Vyaghata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 10:28, when the lead reaches 330°; Vanija until 23:19.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:43 to 06:43 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mithuna gives Ashadha. The Sun enters Karka on 16 Jul, inside the month. The next new moon, 19 Jul, finds it in Karka and begins Shravana.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 19 Jul, with the Sun in Karka, begins Shravana. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Shravana here, and Ashadha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 22 Mar 2012, 11:37 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 111.9° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2069; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1934.