Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Tue 21 Feb 2012

Amavasya follows the tithi at sunrise. Amavasya runs from 20:22 on Mon 20 Feb to 20:34 on Tue 21 Feb, so it holds sunrise only on Tue 21 Feb, at 07:09. No text giving Amavasya’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Amavasya: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 348°–360° is the 30th, Krishna Amavasya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 07:09 here. Chaturdashi ended at 20:22 Mon, before it. Amavasya ends at 20:34, when the lead reaches 360°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 7 Feb, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Mon 20 Feb ran from sunset 19:44 Mon to sunrise 07:09, 11 h 25 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 07:09 to 19:43, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:43 to 07:09 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Dhanishtha spans 293°20′–306°40′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 300°. It leaves at 16:49, for Shatabhisha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 308.1° + 301.5° = 609.6°, one full turn and 249.6°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 240°00′–253°20′ is the 19th, Parigha. It ends at 13:37, then Shiva.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Amavasya is Chatushpada and the second Nagava. Chatushpada runs until 08:25, when the lead reaches 354°; Nagava until 20:34.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 07:09 to 07:09 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Makara gives Magha. The Sun enters Kumbha on 13 Feb, inside the month. The next new moon, 21 Feb, finds it in Kumbha and begins Phalguna.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 21 Feb, with the Sun in Kumbha, begins Phalguna. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Phalguna here, and Magha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 3 Apr 2011, 11:32 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 318.6° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2068; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1933.