Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sun 12 Feb 2012

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 228°–240° is the 20th, Krishna Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 07:05 here. Chaturthi ended at 10:53 Sat, before it. Panchami ends at 08:27, when the lead reaches 240°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 7 Feb, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Shashthi began at 08:27 and ended at 06:08 Mon, between the sunrises of 07:05 and 07:05 Mon. Sunday reads Panchami and Monday reads Saptami: Shashthi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sat 11 Feb ran from sunset 19:48 Sat to sunrise 07:05, 11 h 17 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 07:05 to 19:48, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 35 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:48 to 07:05 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 24 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Chitra spans 173°20′–186°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 176°40′. It leaves at 21:11, for Swati.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 299° + 178.3° = 477.3°, one full turn and 117.3°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 106°40′–120°00′ is the 9th, Shula. It ends at 11:21, then Ganda.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 21:39 Sat, when the lead reached 234°; Taitila runs until 08:27.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 07:05 to 07:05 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Makara gives Magha. The Sun enters Kumbha on 13 Feb, inside the month. The next new moon, 21 Feb, finds it in Kumbha and begins Phalguna.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 21 Feb, with the Sun in Kumbha, begins Phalguna. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Phalguna here, and Magha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 3 Apr 2011, 11:32 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 309.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2068; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1933.