Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Tue 24 Mar 2009

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 13:26 on Tue 24 Mar to 13:34 on Wed 25 Mar, so only Tuesday night’s nishitha (23:55–00:42 Wed) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:17 here. Dwadashi ended at 12:38 Mon, before it. Trayodashi ends at 13:26, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 10 Mar, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Mon 23 Mar ran from sunset 18:21 Mon to sunrise 06:17, 11 h 56 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:17 to 18:20, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:20 to 06:17 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Shatabhisha spans 306°40′–320°00′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 310°. It leaves at 20:36, for Purva Bhadrapada.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 339.9° + 312.4° = 652.3°, one full turn and 292.3°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 280°00′–293°20′ is the 22nd, Sadhya. It ends at 08:09, then Shubha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 01:07, when the lead reached 330°; Vanija runs until 13:26.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:17 to 06:17 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kumbha gives Phalguna. The Sun enters Meena on 14 Mar, inside the month. The next new moon, 26 Mar, finds it in Meena and begins Chaitra.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 26 Mar, with the Sun in Meena, begins Chaitra. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Chaitra here, and Phalguna in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 6 Apr 2008, 00:55 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 347.1° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2065; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1930.