Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Mon 14 Jan 2008

The Sun enters Makara at 16:38, between sunrise (06:49) and sunset (19:54). The Dharmasindhu’s punya kala is the 40 ghatis after the ingress, so the bath and gifts fall that day: Mon 14 Jan.

Makar Sankranti: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 60°–72° is the 6th, Shukla Shashthi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:49 here. Panchami ended at 09:24 Sun, before it. Shashthi ends at 08:13, when the lead reaches 72°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 8 Jan, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Saptami began at 08:13 and ended at 06:40 Tue, between the sunrises of 06:49 and 06:49 Tue. Monday reads Shashthi and Tuesday reads Ashtami: Saptami is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sun 13 Jan ran from sunset 19:54 Sun to sunrise 06:49, 10 h 55 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:49 to 19:54, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:54 to 06:49 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Bhadrapada spans 333°20′–346°40′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 340°. It leaves at 16:58, for Revati.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 269.6° + 340.8° = 610.4°, one full turn and 250.4°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 240°00′–253°20′ is the 19th, Parigha. It ends at 11:32, then Shiva.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Shashthi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 20:51 Sun, when the lead reached 66°; Taitila runs until 08:13.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:49 to 06:49 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 7 Feb, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 8 Jan, with the Sun in Dhanu, began Pausha. This Shukla paksha reads Pausha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 18 Mar 2007, 23:42 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 295.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2064; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1929.