Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sat 9 Dec 2006

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 228°–240° is the 20th, Krishna Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:30 here. Chaturthi ended at 18:28 Fri, before it. Panchami ends at 19:21, when the lead reaches 240°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 4 Dec, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Fri 8 Dec ran from sunset 19:39 Fri to sunrise 06:30, 10 h 51 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:30 to 19:40, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:40 to 06:30 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ashlesha spans 106°40′–120°00′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 106°40′. It leaves at 07:36 Sun, for Magha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 233.2° + 107° = 340.2°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 333°20′–346°40′ is the 26th, Indra. It ends at 18:01, then Vaidhriti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava runs until 06:49, when the lead reaches 234°; Taitila until 19:21.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:30 to 06:30 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishchika gives Margashirsha. The Sun enters Dhanu on 15 Dec, inside the month. The next new moon, 20 Dec, finds it in Dhanu and begins Pausha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 20 Dec, with the Sun in Dhanu, begins Pausha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Pausha here, and Margashirsha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 29 Mar 2006, 07:15 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 248.6° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2063; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1928.