Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Thu 30 Jan 2003

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 10:00 on Thu 30 Jan to 09:12 on Fri 31 Jan, so only Thursday night’s nishitha (01:04 Fri–01:48 Fri) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:58 here. Dwadashi ended at 11:06 Wed, before it. Trayodashi ends at 10:00, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 18 Jan, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Wed 29 Jan ran from sunset 19:53 Wed to sunrise 06:58, 11 h 5 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:58 to 19:53, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:53 to 06:59 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Ashadha spans 253°20′–266°40′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 260°. It leaves at 17:49, for Uttara Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 286.1° + 260.6° = 546.7°, one full turn and 186.7°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 186°40′–200°00′ is the 15th, Vajra. It ends at 05:00 Fri, then Siddhi.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 22:31 Wed, when the lead reached 330°; Vanija runs until 10:00.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:58 to 06:59 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 1 Feb, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 1 Feb, with the Sun in Makara, begins Magha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Magha here, and Pausha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 12 Apr 2002, 16:21 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 287.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2059; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1924.