Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sat 21 Sep 2002

The first shraddha of Pitru Paksha is done in aparahna, the fourth fifth of the day. Pratipada began at 10:59 on Sat 21 Sep, before that day’s aparahna, and ended at 13:22 on Sun 22 Sep, partway into the next. The Nirnayasindhu takes the day Pratipada fills: Sat 21 Sep. No text giving Pitru Paksha begins’s time was found; aparahna is Tithika’s convention.

Pitru Paksha begins: every date in Ipameri

Purnima follows the tithi at sunrise. Purnima runs from 08:47 on Fri 20 Sep to 10:59 on Sat 21 Sep, so it holds sunrise only on Sat 21 Sep, at 06:03. No text giving Purnima’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Purnima: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 168°–180° is the 15th, Shukla Purnima. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:03 here. Chaturdashi ended at 08:47 Fri, before it. Purnima ends at 10:59, when the lead reaches 180°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 7 Sep, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Fri 20 Sep ran from sunset 18:08 Fri to sunrise 06:03, 11 h 55 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:03 to 18:08, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:08 to 06:02 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Bhadrapada spans 320°00′–333°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 330°. It leaves at 08:35, for Uttara Bhadrapada.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 154.3° + 332.1° = 486.4°, one full turn and 126.4°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 120°00′–133°20′ is the 10th, Ganda. It ends at 18:58, then Vriddhi.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Purnima is Vishti and the second Bava. Vishti ended at 21:51 Fri, when the lead reached 174°; Bava runs until 10:59.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:03 to 06:02 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Simha gives Bhadrapada. The Sun enters Kanya on 16 Sep, inside the month. The next new moon, 6 Oct, finds it in Kanya and begins Ashwina.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 7 Sep, with the Sun in Simha, began Bhadrapada. This Shukla paksha reads Bhadrapada in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 12 Apr 2002, 16:21 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 155.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2059; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1924.