Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Tue 18 May 1999

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 36°–48° is the 4th, Shukla Chaturthi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:31 here. Tritiya ended at 21:59 Mon, before it. Chaturthi ends at 19:05, when the lead reaches 48°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 15 May, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 05:29, came before Tritiya ended at 06:29: this day reads Tritiya. Chaturthi ends at 03:35 Wed, before the next sunrise, so no day here reads Chaturthi: it is kshaya.

Ipameri · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 06:31, came after Tritiya ended at 21:59 Mon: this day reads Chaturthi.

The night of Mon 17 May ran from sunset 17:47 Mon to sunrise 06:31, 12 h 44 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 50 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:31 to 17:46, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 24 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:46 to 06:31 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 35 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ardra spans 66°40′–80°00′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 73°20′. It leaves at 16:18, for Punarvasu.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 33.2° + 74.1° = 107.3°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 106°40′–120°00′ is the 9th, Shula. It ends at 02:22 Wed, then Ganda.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturthi is Vanija and the second Vishti. Vanija runs until 08:27, when the lead reaches 42°; Vishti until 19:05.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:31 to 06:31 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 15 May 09:05 Sat to 13 Jun 16:02 Sun the Sun stayed in Vrishabha, entering Mithuna at 15 Jun 06:08 Tue, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Jyeshtha, before Jyeshtha itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 15 May, with the Sun in Vrishabha, began Jyeshtha (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Jyeshtha (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 17 Mar 1999, 15:47 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 60.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2056; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1921.