Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Wed 21 Oct 1998

The tilak is applied in aparahna, the fourth fifth of the day. Dwitiya runs from 10:41 on Wed 21 Oct to 13:10 on Thu 22 Oct, so only Wednesday’s aparahna (14:13–16:44) falls within it. No text giving Bhai Dooj’s time was found; aparahna is Tithika’s convention.

Bhai Dooj: every date in Ipameri

Govardhan Puja is done in pratahkala, the first fifth of the day. Pratipada runs from 08:09 on Tue 20 Oct to 10:41 on Wed 21 Oct, touching pratahkala on both mornings. The Nirnayasindhu takes the morning it holds more of: Wed 21 Oct. No text giving Govardhan Puja’s time was found; pratahkala is Tithika’s convention.

Govardhan Puja: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 0°–12° is the 1st, Shukla Pratipada. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:40 here. Amavasya ended at 08:09 Tue, before it. Pratipada ends at 10:41, when the lead reaches 12°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 20 Oct, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Tue 20 Oct ran from sunset 19:14 Tue to sunrise 06:40, 11 h 26 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:40 to 19:15, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:15 to 06:39 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Swati spans 186°40′–200°00′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 193°20′. It leaves at 18:37, for Vishakha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 183.9° + 194.1° = 378°, one full turn and 18°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 13°20′–26°40′ is the 2nd, Priti. It ends at 22:50, then Ayushmana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Pratipada is Kinstughna and the second Bava. Kinstughna ended at 21:25 Tue, when the lead reached 6°; Bava runs until 10:41.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:40 to 06:39 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Tula gives Kartika. The Sun enters Vrishchika on 16 Nov, inside the month. The next new moon, 19 Nov, finds it in Vrishchika and begins Margashirsha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 20 Oct, with the Sun in Tula, began Kartika. This Shukla paksha reads Kartika in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 28 Mar 1998, 00:13 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 200.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2055; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1920.