Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Mon 26 Jan 1998

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 08:09 on Mon 26 Jan to 06:19 on Tue 27 Jan, so only Monday night’s nishitha (01:03 Tue–01:47 Tue) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:56 here. Dwadashi ended at 09:22 Sun, before it. Trayodashi ends at 08:09, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 12 Jan, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Chaturdashi began at 08:09 and ended at 06:19 Tue, between the sunrises of 06:56 and 06:57 Tue. Monday reads Trayodashi and Tuesday reads Amavasya: Chaturdashi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sun 25 Jan ran from sunset 19:53 Sun to sunrise 06:56, 11 h 3 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:56 to 19:53, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 37 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:53 to 06:57 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Ashadha spans 253°20′–266°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 256°40′. It leaves at 22:20, for Uttara Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 282.4° + 257.7° = 540.1°, one full turn and 180.1°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 173°20′–186°40′ is the 14th, Harshana. It ends at 17:31, then Vajra.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 20:51 Sun, when the lead reached 330°; Vanija runs until 08:09.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:56 to 06:57 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 28 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 28 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, begins Magha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Magha here, and Pausha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 1997, 08:01 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 288.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2054; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1919.