Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sun 13 Jul 1997

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 84°–96° is the 8th, Shukla Ashtami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:44 here. Saptami ended at 05:42 Sat, before it. Ashtami ends at 07:35, when the lead reaches 96°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 4 Jul, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Ashtami began at 05:42 Sat, before sunrise at 06:44 Sat, and ends at 07:35, after the next sunrise at 06:44. Both days read Ashtami: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Sat 12 Jul ran from sunset 17:52 Sat to sunrise 06:44, 12 h 52 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:44 to 17:53, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:53 to 06:43 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Chitra spans 173°20′–186°40′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 180°. It leaves at 14:17, for Swati.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 87.2° + 182.8° = 270°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 266°40′–280°00′ is the 21st, Siddha. It ends at 00:46 Mon, then Sadhya.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Ashtami is Vishti and the second Bava. Vishti ended at 18:43 Sat, when the lead reached 90°; Bava runs until 07:35.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:44 to 06:43 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mithuna gives Ashadha. The Sun enters Karka on 16 Jul, inside the month. The next new moon, 3 Aug, finds it in Karka and begins Shravana.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 4 Jul, with the Sun in Mithuna, began Ashadha. This Shukla paksha reads Ashadha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 1997, 08:01 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 93.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2054; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1919.