Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Fri 16 Feb 1996

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 06:33 on Fri 16 Feb to 03:10 on Sat 17 Feb, so only Friday’s pradosha (18:46–21:02) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Ipameri

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 03:10 on Sat 17 Feb to 23:45 on Sat 17 Feb, between the two nights’ nishitha, touching neither. The Nirnayasindhu then takes the earlier day: Fri 16 Feb. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 312°–324° is the 27th, Krishna Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:07 here. Ekadashi ended at 09:45 Thu, before it. Dwadashi ends at 06:33, when the lead reaches 324°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 4 Feb, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Trayodashi began at 06:33 and ended at 03:10 Sat, between the sunrises of 06:07 and 06:07 Sat. Friday reads Dwadashi and Saturday reads Chaturdashi: Trayodashi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Thu 15 Feb ran from sunset 18:47 Thu to sunrise 06:07, 11 h 20 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:07 to 18:46, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:46 to 06:07 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Ashadha spans 266°40′–280°00′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 266°40′. It leaves at 03:04 Sat, for Shravana.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 303.2° + 266.9° = 570.1°, one full turn and 210.1°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 200°00′–213°20′ is the 16th, Siddhi. It ends at 11:00, then Vyatipata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 20:11 Thu, when the lead reached 318°; Taitila runs until 06:33.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:07 to 06:07 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Makara gives Magha. The Sun enters Kumbha on 13 Feb, inside the month. The next new moon, 18 Feb, finds it in Kumbha and begins Phalguna.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 18 Feb, with the Sun in Kumbha, begins Phalguna. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Phalguna here, and Magha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 30 Mar 1995, 23:08 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 317.1° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2052; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1917.