Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Fri 20 Sep 1991

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi began at 17:32 on Fri 20 Sep, before that evening’s pradosha, and ended at 18:50 on Sat 21 Sep, partway into the next. The Nirnayasindhu takes the evening Trayodashi fills: Fri 20 Sep. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 132°–144° is the 12th, Shukla Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:04 here. Ekadashi ended at 15:41 Thu, before it. Dwadashi ends at 17:32, when the lead reaches 144°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 8 Sep, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Thu 19 Sep ran from sunset 18:08 Thu to sunrise 06:04, 11 h 56 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:04 to 18:08, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:08 to 06:03 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Shravana spans 280°00′–293°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 290°. It leaves at 09:04, for Dhanishtha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 153.2° + 291.8° = 445°, one full turn and 85°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 80°00′–93°20′ is the 7th, Sukarma. It ends at 21:17, then Dhriti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Bava and the second Balava. Bava ended at 04:40, when the lead reached 138°; Balava runs until 17:32.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:04 to 06:03 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Simha gives Bhadrapada. The Sun enters Kanya on 17 Sep, inside the month. The next new moon, 7 Oct, finds it in Kanya and begins Ashwina.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 8 Sep, with the Sun in Simha, began Bhadrapada. This Shukla paksha reads Bhadrapada in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 16 Mar 1991, 05:10 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 181.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2048; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1913.