Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Fri 13 Jan 1989

The Sun enters Makara at 19:44, between sunrise (06:48) and sunset (19:54). The Dharmasindhu’s punya kala is the 40 ghatis after the ingress, so the bath and gifts fall that day: Fri 13 Jan.

Makar Sankranti: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 72°–84° is the 7th, Shukla Saptami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:48 here. Shashthi ended at 03:00, before it. Saptami ends at 00:55 Sat, when the lead reaches 84°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 7 Jan, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 07:15, came before Shashthi ended at 10:30: this day reads Shashthi.

Ipameri · UTC−2

Sunrise here, 06:48, came after Shashthi ended at 03:00: this day reads Saptami.

The night of Thu 12 Jan ran from sunset 19:54 Thu to sunrise 06:48, 10 h 54 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:48 to 19:54, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:54 to 06:49 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Bhadrapada spans 333°20′–346°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 343°20′. It leaves at 12:05, for Revati.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 269.5° + 343.5° = 613°, one full turn and 253°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 240°00′–253°20′ is the 19th, Parigha. It ends at 07:20, then Shiva.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Saptami is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 13:56, when the lead reaches 78°; Vanija until 00:55 Sat.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:48 to 06:49 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 13 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 6 Feb, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 7 Jan, with the Sun in Dhanu, began Pausha. This Shukla paksha reads Pausha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 17 Mar 1988, 23:02 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 295.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2045; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1910.