Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sat 12 Mar 1983

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 11:44 on Sat 12 Mar to 13:28 on Sun 13 Mar, so only Saturday night’s nishitha (23:59–00:46 Sun) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:14 here. Dwadashi ended at 09:34 Fri, before it. Trayodashi ends at 11:44, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 27 Feb, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Fri 11 Mar ran from sunset 18:31 Fri to sunrise 06:14, 11 h 43 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:14 to 18:30, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:30 to 06:15 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Dhanishtha spans 293°20′–306°40′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 300°. It leaves at 17:20, for Shatabhisha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 327.6° + 301.1° = 628.7°, one full turn and 268.7°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 266°40′–280°00′ is the 21st, Siddha. It ends at 02:56 Sun, then Sadhya.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 22:42 Fri, when the lead reached 330°; Vanija runs until 11:44.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:14 to 06:15 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 12 Feb 21:31 Sat to 14 Mar 14:43 Mon the Sun stayed in Kumbha, entering Meena at 14 Mar 15:44 Mon, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Phalguna, before Phalguna itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 14 Mar, with the Sun in Kumbha, begins Phalguna (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Phalguna (Adhik) here, and Phalguna (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 25 Mar 1982, 07:17 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 346.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2039; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1904.