Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Mon 23 Mar 1981

The Sankashti fast is broken at moonrise. Chaturthi runs from 18:42 on Mon 23 Mar to 21:11 on Tue 24 Mar, touching moonrise on both nights. When it does, the Dharmasindhu takes the earlier day: Mon 23 Mar. No text giving Sankashti Chaturthi’s time was found; moonrise is Tithika’s convention.

Sankashti Chaturthi: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 204°–216° is the 18th, Krishna Tritiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:17 here. Dwitiya ended at 16:21 Sun, before it. Tritiya ends at 18:42, when the lead reaches 216°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 20 Mar, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Sun 22 Mar ran from sunset 18:22 Sun to sunrise 06:17, 11 h 55 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:17 to 18:21, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:21 to 06:17 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Swati spans 186°40′–200°00′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 186°40′. It leaves at 03:38 Tue, for Vishakha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 339.1° + 189.4° = 528.5°, one full turn and 168.5°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 160°00′–173°20′ is the 13th, Vyaghata. It ends at 15:18, then Harshana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Tritiya is Vanija and the second Vishti. Vanija ended at 05:30, when the lead reached 210°; Vishti runs until 18:42.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:17 to 06:17 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kumbha gives Phalguna. The Sun enters Meena on 14 Mar, inside the month. The next new moon, 4 Apr, finds it in Meena and begins Chaitra.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 4 Apr, with the Sun in Meena, begins Chaitra. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Chaitra here, and Phalguna in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 16 Mar 1980, 15:55 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 366.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2037; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1902.