Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Tue 16 Dec 1980

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 96°–108° is the 9th, Shukla Navami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:33 here. Ashtami ended at 09:52 Mon, before it. Navami ends at 07:45, when the lead reaches 108°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 7 Dec, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Dashami began at 07:45 and ended at 05:16 Wed, between the sunrises of 05:33 and 05:33 Wed. Tuesday reads Navami and Wednesday reads Ekadashi: Dashami is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Mon 15 Dec ran from sunset 18:43 Mon to sunrise 05:33, 10 h 50 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:33 to 18:44, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:44 to 05:33 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Revati spans 346°40′–360°00′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 346°40′. It leaves at 02:00 Wed, for Ashwini.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 241° + 347.7° = 588.7°, one full turn and 228.7°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 226°40′–240°00′ is the 18th, Variyana. It ends at 23:09, then Parigha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Navami is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava ended at 20:52 Mon, when the lead reached 102°; Kaulava runs until 07:45.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:33 to 05:33 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishchika gives Margashirsha. The Sun enters Dhanu on 15 Dec, inside the month. The next new moon, 6 Jan, finds it in Dhanu and begins Pausha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 7 Dec, with the Sun in Vrishchika, began Margashirsha. This Shukla paksha reads Margashirsha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 16 Mar 1980, 15:55 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 268.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2037; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1902.