Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sun 5 Nov 1978

The evening arghya is offered at sunset. Shashthi runs from 06:50 on Sun 5 Nov to 04:32 on Mon 6 Nov, so it holds sunset only on Sun 5 Nov, at 18:20. No text giving Chhath · Sandhya Arghya’s time was found; sunset is Tithika’s convention.

Chhath: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 48°–60° is the 5th, Shukla Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:32 here. Chaturthi ended at 09:12 Sat, before it. Panchami ends at 06:50, when the lead reaches 60°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 31 Oct, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Shashthi began at 06:50 and ended at 04:32 Mon, between the sunrises of 05:32 and 05:31 Mon. Sunday reads Panchami and Monday reads Saptami: Shashthi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sat 4 Nov ran from sunset 18:20 Sat to sunrise 05:32, 11 h 12 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:32 to 18:20, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:20 to 05:31 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Ashadha spans 253°20′–266°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 256°40′. It leaves at 19:36, for Uttara Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 199° + 258.3° = 457.3°, one full turn and 97.3°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 93°20′–106°40′ is the 8th, Dhriti. It ends at 20:13, then Shula.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Bava and the second Balava. Bava ended at 20:01 Sat, when the lead reached 54°; Balava runs until 06:50.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:32 to 05:31 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Tula gives Kartika. The Sun enters Vrishchika on 16 Nov, inside the month. The next new moon, 30 Nov, finds it in Vrishchika and begins Margashirsha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 31 Oct, with the Sun in Tula, began Kartika. This Shukla paksha reads Kartika in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 1978, 12:15 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 205.1° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2035; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1900.