Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Fri 13 Sep 1974

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 10:10 on Fri 13 Sep to 06:43 on Sat 14 Sep, so only Friday’s pradosha (18:07–20:31) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 312°–324° is the 27th, Krishna Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:10 here. Ekadashi ended at 13:23 Thu, before it. Dwadashi ends at 10:10, when the lead reaches 324°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 1 Sep, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Thu 12 Sep ran from sunset 18:07 Thu to sunrise 06:10, 12 h 3 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:10 to 18:07, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:07 to 06:09 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ashlesha spans 106°40′–120°00′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 106°40′. It leaves at 00:50 Sat, for Magha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 146.7° + 108.4° = 255.1°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 253°20′–266°40′ is the 20th, Shiva. It ends at 23:39, then Siddha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 23:49 Thu, when the lead reached 318°; Taitila runs until 10:10.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:10 to 06:09 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Aug 16:01 Sat to 15 Sep 23:45 Sun the Sun stayed in Simha, entering Kanya at 16 Sep 15:33 Mon, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Bhadrapada, before Bhadrapada itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 15 Sep, with the Sun in Simha, begins Bhadrapada (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Bhadrapada (Adhik) here, and Bhadrapada (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 23 Mar 1974, 18:23 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 167.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2031; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1896.