Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sun 18 Aug 1974

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 0°–12° is the 1st, Shukla Pratipada. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:30 here. Amavasya ended at 16:01 Sat, before it. Pratipada ends at 12:13, when the lead reaches 12°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 17 Aug, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sat 17 Aug ran from sunset 18:03 Sat to sunrise 06:30, 12 h 27 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:30 to 18:03, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:03 to 06:29 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Magha spans 120°00′–133°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 130°. It leaves at 11:30, for Purva Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 121.6° + 130.2° = 251.8°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 240°00′–253°20′ is the 19th, Parigha. It ends at 08:53, then Shiva.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Pratipada is Kinstughna and the second Bava. Kinstughna ended at 02:06, when the lead reached 6°; Bava runs until 12:13.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:30 to 06:29 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Aug 16:01 Sat to 15 Sep 23:45 Sun the Sun stayed in Simha, entering Kanya at 16 Sep 15:33 Mon, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Bhadrapada, before Bhadrapada itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 17 Aug, with the Sun in Simha, began Bhadrapada (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Bhadrapada (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 23 Mar 1974, 18:23 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 142.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2031; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1896.