Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sat 13 Jan 1973

The Sun enters Makara at 16:12, between sunrise (05:48) and sunset (18:54). The Dharmasindhu’s punya kala is the 40 ghatis after the ingress, so the bath and gifts fall that day: Sat 13 Jan.

Makar Sankranti: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 96°–108° is the 9th, Shukla Navami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:48 here. Ashtami ended at 13:35 Fri, before it. Navami ends at 11:32, when the lead reaches 108°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 4 Jan, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Fri 12 Jan ran from sunset 18:54 Fri to sunrise 05:48, 10 h 54 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:48 to 18:54, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:54 to 05:49 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Bharani spans 13°20′–26°40′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 13°20′. It leaves at 02:22 Sun, for Krittika.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 269.6° + 14.4° = 284°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 280°00′–293°20′ is the 22nd, Sadhya. It ends at 20:30, then Shubha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Navami is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava ended at 00:37, when the lead reached 102°; Kaulava runs until 11:32.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:48 to 05:49 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 13 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 3 Feb, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 4 Jan, with the Sun in Dhanu, began Pausha. This Shukla paksha reads Pausha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 15 Mar 1972, 08:34 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 298.1° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2029; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1894.