Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Mon 17 Apr 1972

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 48°–60° is the 5th, Shukla Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:22 here. Chaturthi ended at 03:11, before it. Panchami ends at 00:43 Tue, when the lead reaches 60°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 13 Apr, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 05:53, came before Chaturthi ended at 11:41: this day reads Chaturthi.

Ipameri · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 06:22, came after Chaturthi ended at 03:11: this day reads Panchami.

The night of Sun 16 Apr ran from sunset 18:02 Sun to sunrise 06:22, 12 h 20 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:22 to 18:01, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:01 to 06:22 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Mrigashira spans 53°20′–66°40′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 53°20′. It leaves at 04:00 Tue, for Ardra.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 4° + 53.8° = 57.8°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 53°20′–66°40′ is the 5th, Shobhana. It ends at 20:16, then Atiganda.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Bava and the second Balava. Bava runs until 13:52, when the lead reaches 54°; Balava until 00:43 Tue.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:22 to 06:22 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 13 Apr 17:30 Thu to 13 May 01:08 Sat the Sun stayed in Mesha, entering Vrishabha at 14 May 01:26 Sun, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Vaishakha, before Vaishakha itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 13 Apr, with the Sun in Mesha, began Vaishakha (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Vaishakha (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 15 Mar 1972, 08:34 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 32.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2029; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1894.