Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Fri 31 Jan 1969

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 144°–156° is the 13th, Shukla Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:59 here. Dwadashi ended at 04:07 Thu, before it. Trayodashi ends at 06:23, when the lead reaches 156°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 18 Jan, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Trayodashi began at 04:07 Thu, before sunrise at 05:59 Thu, and ends at 06:23, after the next sunrise at 05:59. Both days read Trayodashi: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Thu 30 Jan ran from sunset 18:53 Thu to sunrise 05:59, 11 h 6 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:59 to 18:52, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:52 to 06:00 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Punarvasu spans 80°00′–93°20′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 83°20′. It leaves at 01:05 Sat, for Pushya.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 287.9° + 83.7° = 371.6°, one full turn and 11.6°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 0°00′–13°20′ is the 1st, Vishkambha. It ends at 09:09, then Priti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 17:17 Thu, when the lead reached 150°; Taitila runs until 06:23.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:59 to 06:00 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Makara gives Magha. The Sun enters Kumbha on 12 Feb, inside the month. The next new moon, 16 Feb, finds it in Kumbha and begins Phalguna.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 18 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, began Magha. This Shukla paksha reads Magha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 28 Mar 1968, 19:47 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 303° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2025; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1890.