Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Tue 11 Jan 1966

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 228°–240° is the 20th, Krishna Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:47 here. Chaturthi ended at 13:24 Mon, before it. Panchami ends at 10:33, when the lead reaches 240°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 7 Jan, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Mon 10 Jan ran from sunset 19:53 Mon to sunrise 06:47, 10 h 54 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:47 to 19:53, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:53 to 06:48 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Phalguni spans 133°20′–146°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 143°20′. It leaves at 09:14, for Uttara Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 267.3° + 145.2° = 412.5°, one full turn and 52.5°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 40°00′–53°20′ is the 4th, Saubhagya. It ends at 08:05, then Shobhana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 23:55 Mon, when the lead reached 234°; Taitila runs until 10:33.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:47 to 06:48 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 13 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 21 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 21 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, begins Magha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Magha here, and Pausha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 1 Apr 1965, 21:20 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 278.6° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2022; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1887.