Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Mon 6 Nov 1961

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 06:08 on Mon 6 Nov to 06:50 on Tue 7 Nov, so only Monday night’s nishitha (23:34–00:18 Tue) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:31 here. Dwadashi ended at 04:49 Sun, before it. Trayodashi ends at 06:08, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 23 Oct, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Trayodashi began at 04:49 Sun, before sunrise at 05:32 Sun, and ends at 06:08, after the next sunrise at 05:31. Both days read Trayodashi: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Sun 5 Nov ran from sunset 18:20 Sun to sunrise 05:31, 11 h 11 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:31 to 18:21, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:21 to 05:31 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Chitra spans 173°20′–186°40′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 173°20′. It leaves at 01:38 Tue, for Swati.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 200.4° + 176.1° = 376.5°, one full turn and 16.5°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 13°20′–26°40′ is the 2nd, Priti. It ends at 23:31, then Ayushmana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 17:33 Sun, when the lead reached 330°; Vanija runs until 06:08.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:31 to 05:31 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 16 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 8 Nov, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 8 Nov, with the Sun in Tula, begins Kartika. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Kartika here, and Ashwina in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 16 Mar 1961, 15:50 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 227.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2018; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1883.