Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sat 14 Jan 1961

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 05:18 on Sat 14 Jan to 01:59 on Sun 15 Jan, so only Saturday’s pradosha (18:54–21:05) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Ipameri

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 01:59 on Sun 15 Jan to 22:19 on Sun 15 Jan, between the two nights’ nishitha, touching neither. The Nirnayasindhu then takes the earlier day: Sat 14 Jan. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:49 here. Dwadashi ended at 05:18, before it. Trayodashi ends at 01:59 Sun, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 1 Jan, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 07:15, came before Dwadashi ended at 13:48: this day reads Dwadashi.

Ipameri · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 05:49, came after Dwadashi ended at 05:18: this day reads Trayodashi.

The night of Fri 13 Jan ran from sunset 18:54 Fri to sunrise 05:49, 10 h 55 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:49 to 18:54, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:54 to 05:50 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 22 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Jyeshtha spans 226°40′–240°00′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 233°20′. It leaves at 13:59, for Mula.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 270.7° + 234.9° = 505.6°, one full turn and 145.6°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 133°20′–146°40′ is the 11th, Vriddhi. It ends at 07:26, then Dhruva.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 15:42, when the lead reaches 330°; Vanija until 01:59 Sun.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:49 to 05:50 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 13 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 16 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 16 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, begins Magha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Magha here, and Pausha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 27 Mar 1960, 04:37 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 287.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2017; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1882.