Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sun 25 Sep 1960

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 48°–60° is the 5th, Shukla Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:59 here. Chaturthi ended at 16:58 Sat, before it. Panchami ends at 15:17, when the lead reaches 60°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 20 Sep, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sat 24 Sep ran from sunset 18:09 Sat to sunrise 05:59, 11 h 50 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:59 to 18:09, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:09 to 05:58 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Anuradha spans 213°20′–226°40′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 213°20′. It leaves at 03:49 Mon, for Jyeshtha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 159° + 214° = 373°, one full turn and 13°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 0°00′–13°20′ is the 1st, Vishkambha. It ends at 06:37, then Priti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Bava and the second Balava. Bava ended at 04:09, when the lead reached 54°; Balava runs until 15:17.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:59 to 05:58 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 16 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 20 Oct, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 20 Sep, with the Sun in Kanya, began Ashwina. This Shukla paksha reads Ashwina in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 27 Mar 1960, 04:37 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 175.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2017; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1882.