Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sat 21 Sep 1957

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 03:25 on Sat 21 Sep to 23:51 on Sat 21 Sep, so only Saturday’s pradosha (18:08–20:31) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Ipameri

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 23:51 on Sat 21 Sep to 20:05 on Sun 22 Sep, so it touches only Saturday night’s nishitha (23:41–00:29 Sun). No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:03 here. Dwadashi ended at 03:25, before it. Trayodashi ends at 23:51, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 9 Sep, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 06:08, came before Dwadashi ended at 11:55: this day reads Dwadashi.

Ipameri · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 06:03, came after Dwadashi ended at 03:25: this day reads Trayodashi.

The night of Fri 20 Sep ran from sunset 18:08 Fri to sunrise 06:03, 11 h 55 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:03 to 18:08, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:08 to 06:02 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Magha spans 120°00′–133°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 120°. It leaves at 02:39 Sun, for Purva Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 154.8° + 120.4° = 275.2°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 266°40′–280°00′ is the 21st, Siddha. It ends at 13:13, then Sadhya.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 13:40, when the lead reaches 330°; Vanija until 23:51.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:03 to 06:02 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Simha gives Bhadrapada. The Sun enters Kanya on 16 Sep, inside the month. The next new moon, 23 Sep, finds it in Kanya and begins Ashwina.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 23 Sep, with the Sun in Kanya, begins Ashwina. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashwina here, and Bhadrapada in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 31 Mar 1957, 06:18 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 167.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2014; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1879.