Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sat 12 Jan 1957

Lohri’s bonfire is lit on the evening before Makar Sankranti. The Sun enters Makara at 13:45 Sun, and Makar Sankranti is on Sun 13 Jan: Sat 12 Jan. No text giving Lohri’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Lohri: every date in Ipameri

Smartas test Ekadashi at sunrise: it holds sunrise on Sat 12 Jan only, at 05:48: Sat 12 Jan. Vaishnavas test arunodaya: Dashami ended at 16:29 Fri, before it (04:12–05:48).

Pausha Putrada Ekadashi: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 120°–132° is the 11th, Shukla Ekadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:48 here. Dashami ended at 16:29 Fri, before it. Ekadashi ends at 15:10, when the lead reaches 132°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 31 Dec, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Fri 11 Jan ran from sunset 18:54 Fri to sunrise 05:48, 10 h 54 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:48 to 18:54, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:54 to 05:48 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Krittika spans 26°40′–40°00′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 33°20′. It leaves at 13:22, for Rohini.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 268.6° + 35.6° = 304.2°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 293°20′–306°40′ is the 23rd, Shubha. It ends at 09:40, then Shukla.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Ekadashi is Vanija and the second Vishti. Vanija ended at 03:56, when the lead reached 126°; Vishti runs until 15:10.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:48 to 05:48 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 13 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 30 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 31 Dec, with the Sun in Dhanu, began Pausha. This Shukla paksha reads Pausha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 10 Apr 1956, 23:38 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 270.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2013; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1878.