Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Wed 14 Sep 1955

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 05:57 on Wed 14 Sep to 04:26 on Thu 15 Sep, so only Wednesday night’s nishitha (23:44–00:32 Thu) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 336°–348° is the 29th, Krishna Chaturdashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:09 here. Trayodashi ended at 05:57, before it. Chaturdashi ends at 04:26 Thu, when the lead reaches 348°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 2 Sep, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 06:05, came before Trayodashi ended at 14:27: this day reads Trayodashi.

Ipameri · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 06:09, came after Trayodashi ended at 05:57: this day reads Chaturdashi.

The night of Tue 13 Sep ran from sunset 18:07 Tue to sunrise 06:09, 12 h 2 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:09 to 18:07, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:07 to 06:08 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Magha spans 120°00′–133°20′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 123°20′. It leaves at 23:00, for Purva Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 147.5° + 123.6° = 271.1°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 266°40′–280°00′ is the 21st, Siddha. It ends at 20:28, then Sadhya.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturdashi is Vishti and the second Shakuni. Vishti runs until 17:09, when the lead reaches 342°; Shakuni until 04:26 Thu.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:09 to 06:08 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Aug 16:58 Wed to 16 Sep 03:19 Fri the Sun stayed in Simha, entering Kanya at 16 Sep 18:46 Fri, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Bhadrapada, before Bhadrapada itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 16 Sep, with the Sun in Simha, begins Bhadrapada (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Bhadrapada (Adhik) here, and Bhadrapada (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 24 Mar 1955, 00:42 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 168° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2012; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1877.