Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Wed 13 Jan 1954

The Sun enters Makara at 19:18, after sunset (18:54) but within 3 ghatis of it. The Dharmasindhu then keeps the punya kala on that day: Wed 13 Jan.

Makar Sankranti: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 96°–108° is the 9th, Shukla Navami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:48 here. Ashtami ended at 08:19 Tue, before it. Navami ends at 06:18, when the lead reaches 108°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 4 Jan, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Dashami began at 06:18 and ended at 04:28 Thu, between the sunrises of 05:48 and 05:49 Thu. Wednesday reads Navami and Thursday reads Ekadashi: Dashami is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Tue 12 Jan ran from sunset 18:54 Tue to sunrise 05:48, 10 h 54 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:48 to 18:54, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:54 to 05:49 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Bharani spans 13°20′–26°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 16°40′. It leaves at 22:04, for Krittika.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 269.4° + 17.2° = 286.6°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 280°00′–293°20′ is the 22nd, Sadhya. It ends at 16:34, then Shubha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Navami is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava ended at 19:17 Tue, when the lead reached 102°; Kaulava runs until 06:18.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:48 to 05:49 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 13 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 3 Feb, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 4 Jan, with the Sun in Dhanu, began Pausha. This Shukla paksha reads Pausha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 15 Mar 1953, 08:04 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 298° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2010; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1875.