Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Tue 5 Jan 1954

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 0°–12° is the 1st, Shukla Pratipada. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:43 here. Amavasya ended at 23:21 Mon, before it. Pratipada ends at 22:14, when the lead reaches 12°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 4 Jan, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 07:14, came before Amavasya ended at 07:51: this day reads Amavasya. Pratipada ends at 06:44 Wed, before the next sunrise, so no day here reads Pratipada: it is kshaya.

Ipameri · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 05:43, came after Amavasya ended at 23:21 Mon: this day reads Pratipada.

The night of Mon 4 Jan ran from sunset 18:52 Mon to sunrise 05:43, 10 h 51 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:43 to 18:52, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:52 to 05:44 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Ashadha spans 253°20′–266°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 263°20′. It leaves at 09:24, for Uttara Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 261.3° + 264.6° = 525.9°, one full turn and 165.9°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 160°00′–173°20′ is the 13th, Vyaghata. It ends at 17:59, then Harshana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Pratipada is Kinstughna and the second Bava. Kinstughna runs until 10:51, when the lead reaches 6°; Bava until 22:14.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:43 to 05:44 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 13 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 3 Feb, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 4 Jan, with the Sun in Dhanu, began Pausha. This Shukla paksha reads Pausha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 15 Mar 1953, 08:04 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 289.9° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2010; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1875.