Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Mon 19 Oct 1953

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 20:59 on Mon 19 Oct to 17:26 on Tue 20 Oct, between the two evenings’ pradosha, touching neither. The Nirnayasindhu then takes the earlier day: Mon 19 Oct. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 132°–144° is the 12th, Shukla Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:41 here. Ekadashi ended at 00:10, before it. Dwadashi ends at 20:59, when the lead reaches 144°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 7 Oct, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 06:24, came before Ekadashi ended at 08:40: this day reads Ekadashi. Dwadashi ends at 05:29 Tue, before the next sunrise, so no day here reads Dwadashi: it is kshaya.

Ipameri · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 05:41, came after Ekadashi ended at 00:10: this day reads Dwadashi.

The night of Sun 18 Oct ran from sunset 18:14 Sun to sunrise 05:41, 11 h 27 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:41 to 18:14, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:14 to 05:40 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Shatabhisha spans 306°40′–320°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 316°40′. It leaves at 09:34, for Purva Bhadrapada.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 182.5° + 317.6° = 500.1°, one full turn and 140.1°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 133°20′–146°40′ is the 11th, Vriddhi. It ends at 15:41, then Dhruva.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Bava and the second Balava. Bava runs until 10:38, when the lead reaches 138°; Balava until 20:59.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:41 to 05:40 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 16 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 6 Nov, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 7 Oct, with the Sun in Kanya, began Ashwina. This Shukla paksha reads Ashwina in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 15 Mar 1953, 08:04 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 211.1° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2010; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1875.