Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sun 26 Apr 1953

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 20:33 on Sat 25 Apr to 22:35 on Sun 26 Apr, so only Sunday’s pradosha (17:56–20:26) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 144°–156° is the 13th, Shukla Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:24 here. Dwadashi ended at 20:33 Sat, before it. Trayodashi ends at 22:35, when the lead reaches 156°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 13 Apr, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sat 25 Apr ran from sunset 17:56 Sat to sunrise 06:24, 12 h 28 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:24 to 17:56, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:56 to 06:24 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Hasta spans 160°00′–173°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 160°. It leaves at 06:34 Mon, for Chitra.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 12.6° + 161.2° = 173.8°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 173°20′–186°40′ is the 14th, Harshana. It ends at 06:03 Mon, then Vajra.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava runs until 09:37, when the lead reaches 150°; Taitila until 22:35.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:24 to 06:24 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 13 Apr 17:08 Mon to 13 May 02:05 Wed the Sun stayed in Mesha, entering Vrishabha at 14 May 04:41 Thu, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Vaishakha, before Vaishakha itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 13 Apr, with the Sun in Mesha, began Vaishakha (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Vaishakha (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 15 Mar 1953, 08:04 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 41.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2010; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1875.