Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Thu 24 Jan 1952

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 07:22 on Thu 24 Jan to 03:54 on Fri 25 Jan, so only Thursday’s pradosha (19:54–22:06) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Ipameri

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 03:54 on Fri 25 Jan to 00:12 on Sat 26 Jan, between the two nights’ nishitha, touching neither. The Nirnayasindhu then takes the earlier day: Thu 24 Jan. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 312°–324° is the 27th, Krishna Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:55 here. Ekadashi ended at 10:26 Wed, before it. Dwadashi ends at 07:22, when the lead reaches 324°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 12 Jan, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Trayodashi began at 07:22 and ended at 03:54 Fri, between the sunrises of 06:55 and 06:55 Fri. Thursday reads Dwadashi and Friday reads Chaturdashi: Trayodashi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Wed 23 Jan ran from sunset 19:54 Wed to sunrise 06:55, 11 h 1 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:55 to 19:54, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 37 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:54 to 06:55 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 22 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Mula spans 240°00′–253°20′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 243°20′. It leaves at 22:03, for Purva Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 280.1° + 243.9° = 524°, one full turn and 164°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 160°00′–173°20′ is the 13th, Vyaghata. It ends at 20:54, then Harshana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 20:58 Wed, when the lead reached 318°; Taitila runs until 07:22.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:55 to 06:55 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 26 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 26 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, begins Magha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Magha here, and Pausha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 6 Apr 1951, 07:51 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 287.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2008; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1873.