Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Thu 5 Jul 1951

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 0°–12° is the 1st, Shukla Pratipada. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:44 here. Amavasya ended at 04:47 Wed, before it. Pratipada ends at 07:07, when the lead reaches 12°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 4 Jul, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Pratipada began at 04:47 Wed, before sunrise at 06:44 Wed, and ends at 07:07, after the next sunrise at 06:44. Both days read Pratipada: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Wed 4 Jul ran from sunset 17:49 Wed to sunrise 06:44, 12 h 55 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:44 to 17:50, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:50 to 06:44 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Punarvasu spans 80°00′–93°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 90°. It leaves at 11:00, for Pushya.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 79.4° + 91.2° = 170.6°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 160°00′–173°20′ is the 13th, Vyaghata. It ends at 11:49, then Harshana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Pratipada is Kinstughna and the second Bava. Kinstughna ended at 17:58 Wed, when the lead reached 6°; Bava runs until 07:07.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:44 to 06:44 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mithuna gives Ashadha. The Sun enters Karka on 16 Jul, inside the month. The next new moon, 2 Aug, finds it in Karka and begins Shravana.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 4 Jul, with the Sun in Mithuna, began Ashadha. This Shukla paksha reads Ashadha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 6 Apr 1951, 07:51 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 86.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2008; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1873.