Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Wed 26 Jul 1950

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 08:31 on Wed 26 Jul to 05:51 on Thu 27 Jul, so only Wednesday’s pradosha (17:57–20:29) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 132°–144° is the 12th, Shukla Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:41 here. Ekadashi ended at 11:15 Tue, before it. Dwadashi ends at 08:31, when the lead reaches 144°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 15 Jul, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Trayodashi began at 08:31 and ended at 05:51 Thu, between the sunrises of 06:41 and 06:41 Thu. Wednesday reads Dwadashi and Thursday reads Chaturdashi: Trayodashi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Tue 25 Jul ran from sunset 17:56 Tue to sunrise 06:41, 12 h 45 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:41 to 17:57, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 24 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:57 to 06:41 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 35 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Mula spans 240°00′–253°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 240°. It leaves at 00:26 Thu, for Purva Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 99.7° + 242.6° = 342.3°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 333°20′–346°40′ is the 26th, Indra. It ends at 13:28, then Vaidhriti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Bava and the second Balava. Bava ended at 21:53 Tue, when the lead reached 138°; Balava runs until 08:31.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:41 to 06:41 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mithuna gives Ashadha. The Sun enters Karka on 16 Jul, inside the month. The next new moon, 13 Aug, finds it in Karka and begins Shravana.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 15 Jul, with the Sun in Mithuna, began Ashadha. This Shukla paksha reads Ashadha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 18 Mar 1950, 13:20 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 125.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2007; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1872.