Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Wed 26 Jan 1949

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 20:48 on Tue 25 Jan to 21:23 on Wed 26 Jan, touching pradosha on both evenings. The Nirnayasindhu takes the evening it holds more of: Wed 26 Jan. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Ipameri

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 21:23 on Wed 26 Jan to 22:20 on Thu 27 Jan, so only Wednesday night’s nishitha (00:03 Thu–00:47 Thu) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:56 here. Dwadashi ended at 20:48 Tue, before it. Trayodashi ends at 21:23, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 14 Jan, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Tue 25 Jan ran from sunset 18:54 Tue to sunrise 05:56, 11 h 2 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:56 to 18:53, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 37 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:53 to 05:57 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Mula spans 240°00′–253°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 250°. It leaves at 09:31, for Purva Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 283° + 251.4° = 534.4°, one full turn and 174.4°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 173°20′–186°40′ is the 14th, Harshana. It ends at 03:28 Thu, then Vajra.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 09:03, when the lead reaches 330°; Vanija until 21:23.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:56 to 05:57 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 13 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 28 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 28 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, begins Magha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Magha here, and Pausha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 9 Apr 1948, 10:16 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 286.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2005; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1870.