Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sun 19 Dec 1948

The Sankashti fast is broken at moonrise. Chaturthi runs from 00:20 on Sun 19 Dec to 21:58 on Sun 19 Dec, between the two nights’ moonrise, touching neither. The Dharmasindhu then takes the later day: Sun 19 Dec. No text giving Sankashti Chaturthi’s time was found; moonrise is Tithika’s convention.

Sankashti Chaturthi: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 216°–228° is the 19th, Krishna Chaturthi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:34 here. Tritiya ended at 00:20, before it. Chaturthi ends at 21:58, when the lead reaches 228°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 16 Dec, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 07:08, came before Tritiya ended at 08:50: this day reads Tritiya. Chaturthi ends at 06:28 Mon, before the next sunrise, so no day here reads Chaturthi: it is kshaya.

Ipameri · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 05:34, came after Tritiya ended at 00:20: this day reads Chaturthi.

The night of Sat 18 Dec ran from sunset 18:45 Sat to sunrise 05:34, 10 h 49 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:34 to 18:45, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:45 to 05:34 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Pushya spans 93°20′–106°40′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 100°. It leaves at 11:30, for Ashlesha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 244.2° + 103.1° = 347.3°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 346°40′–360°00′ is the 27th, Vaidhriti. It ends at 01:20 Mon, then Vishkambha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturthi is Bava and the second Balava. Bava runs until 11:09, when the lead reaches 222°; Balava until 21:58.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:34 to 05:34 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishchika gives Margashirsha. The Sun enters Dhanu on 15 Dec, inside the month. The next new moon, 30 Dec, finds it in Dhanu and begins Pausha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 30 Dec, with the Sun in Dhanu, begins Pausha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Pausha here, and Margashirsha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 9 Apr 1948, 10:16 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 247.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2005; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1870.