Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Fri 31 Jan 1947

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 96°–108° is the 9th, Shukla Navami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:59 here. Ashtami ended at 08:24 Thu, before it. Navami ends at 06:37, when the lead reaches 108°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 22 Jan, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Dashami began at 06:37 and ended at 04:21 Sat, between the sunrises of 05:59 and 05:59 Sat. Friday reads Navami and Saturday reads Ekadashi: Dashami is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Thu 30 Jan ran from sunset 18:53 Thu to sunrise 05:59, 11 h 6 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:59 to 18:53, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:53 to 05:59 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Krittika spans 26°40′–40°00′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 33°20′. It leaves at 14:07, for Rohini.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 287.5° + 35.2° = 322.7°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 320°00′–333°20′ is the 25th, Brahma. It ends at 22:40, then Indra.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Navami is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava ended at 19:34 Thu, when the lead reached 102°; Kaulava runs until 06:37.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:59 to 05:59 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Makara gives Magha. The Sun enters Kumbha on 12 Feb, inside the month. The next new moon, 20 Feb, finds it in Kumbha and begins Phalguna.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 22 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, began Magha. This Shukla paksha reads Magha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 2 Apr 1946, 01:37 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 298.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2003; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1868.