Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sat 13 Jan 1945

The Sun enters Makara at 11:57, between sunrise (05:48) and sunset (18:54). The Dharmasindhu’s punya kala is the 40 ghatis after the ingress, so the bath and gifts fall that day: Sat 13 Jan.

Makar Sankranti: every date in Ipameri

Mauni Amavasya follows the tithi at sunrise. Amavasya runs from 03:32 on Sat 13 Jan to 02:06 on Sun 14 Jan, so it holds sunrise only on Sat 13 Jan, at 05:48. No text giving Mauni Amavasya’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Mauni Amavasya: every date in Ipameri

Amavasya follows the tithi at sunrise. Amavasya runs from 03:32 on Sat 13 Jan to 02:06 on Sun 14 Jan, so it holds sunrise only on Sat 13 Jan, at 05:48. No text giving Amavasya’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Amavasya: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 348°–360° is the 30th, Krishna Amavasya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:48 here. Chaturdashi ended at 03:32, before it. Amavasya ends at 02:06 Sun, when the lead reaches 360°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 29 Dec, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 08:15, came before Chaturdashi ended at 13:02: this day reads Chaturdashi.

Ipameri · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 05:48, came after Chaturdashi ended at 03:32: this day reads Amavasya.

The night of Fri 12 Jan ran from sunset 18:54 Fri to sunrise 05:48, 10 h 54 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:48 to 18:54, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:54 to 05:49 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Ashadha spans 253°20′–266°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 256°40′. It leaves at 19:18, for Uttara Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 269.7° + 258.9° = 528.6°, one full turn and 168.6°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 160°00′–173°20′ is the 13th, Vyaghata. It ends at 13:24, then Harshana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Amavasya is Chatushpada and the second Nagava. Chatushpada runs until 14:53, when the lead reaches 354°; Nagava until 02:06 Sun.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:48 to 05:49 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 13 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 14 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 14 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, begins Magha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Magha here, and Pausha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 24 Mar 1944, 08:36 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 289.1° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2001; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1866.