Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sun 3 Sep 1944

The first shraddha of Pitru Paksha is done in aparahna, the fourth fifth of the day. Pratipada runs from 17:20 on Sat 2 Sep to 13:28 on Sun 3 Sep, so it touches only Sunday’s aparahna (13:22–15:44). No text giving Pitru Paksha begins’s time was found; aparahna is Tithika’s convention.

Pitru Paksha begins: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 180°–192° is the 16th, Krishna Pratipada. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:18 here. Purnima ended at 17:20 Sat, before it. Pratipada ends at 13:28, when the lead reaches 192°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 2 Sep, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Sat 2 Sep ran from sunset 18:05 Sat to sunrise 06:18, 12 h 13 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:18 to 18:06, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:06 to 06:17 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Bhadrapada spans 320°00′–333°20′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 323°20′. It leaves at 18:48, for Uttara Bhadrapada.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 137.7° + 325.4° = 463.1°, one full turn and 103.1°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 93°20′–106°40′ is the 8th, Dhriti. It ends at 11:40, then Shula.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Pratipada is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava ended at 03:24, when the lead reached 186°; Kaulava runs until 13:28.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:18 to 06:17 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Simha gives Bhadrapada. The Sun enters Kanya on 15 Sep, inside the month. The next new moon, 17 Sep, finds it in Kanya and begins Ashwina.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 17 Sep, with the Sun in Kanya, begins Ashwina. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashwina here, and Bhadrapada in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 24 Mar 1944, 08:36 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 157.1° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2001; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1866.