Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sat 20 May 1944

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 07:05 on Sat 20 May to 04:58 on Sun 21 May, so only Saturday night’s nishitha (23:43–00:34 Sun) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:32 here. Dwadashi ended at 09:28 Fri, before it. Trayodashi ends at 07:05, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 8 May, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Chaturdashi began at 07:05 and ended at 04:58 Sun, between the sunrises of 06:32 and 06:32 Sun. Saturday reads Trayodashi and Sunday reads Amavasya: Chaturdashi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Fri 19 May ran from sunset 17:46 Fri to sunrise 06:32, 12 h 46 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:32 to 17:46, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 24 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:46 to 06:32 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 35 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ashwini spans 0°00′–13°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 10°. It leaves at 09:03, for Bharani.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 36.2° + 11.8° = 48°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 40°00′–53°20′ is the 4th, Saubhagya. It ends at 15:00, then Shobhana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 20:15 Fri, when the lead reached 330°; Vanija runs until 07:05.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:32 to 06:32 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mesha gives Vaishakha. The Sun enters Vrishabha on 13 May, inside the month. The next new moon, 22 May, finds it in Vrishabha and begins Jyeshtha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 22 May, with the Sun in Vrishabha, begins Jyeshtha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Jyeshtha here, and Vaishakha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 24 Mar 1944, 08:36 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 55.6° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2001; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1866.