Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Tue 12 May 1942

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 21:40 on Mon 11 May to 23:04 on Tue 12 May, so only Tuesday’s pradosha (17:48–20:20) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Ipameri

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 23:04 on Tue 12 May to 00:46 on Thu 14 May, holding as much of nishitha on both nights. The Nirnayasindhu then takes the earlier: Tue 12 May. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:29 here. Dwadashi ended at 21:40 Mon, before it. Trayodashi ends at 23:04, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 30 Apr, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 06:32, came before Dwadashi ended at 07:10: this day reads Dwadashi.

Ipameri · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 06:29, came after Dwadashi ended at 21:40 Mon: this day reads Trayodashi.

The night of Mon 11 May ran from sunset 17:49 Mon to sunrise 06:29, 12 h 40 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 50 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:29 to 17:48, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 24 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:48 to 06:29 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 35 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Revati spans 346°40′–360°00′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 353°20′. It leaves at 13:59, for Ashwini.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 28° + 356.1° = 384.1°, one full turn and 24.1°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 13°20′–26°40′ is the 2nd, Priti. It ends at 11:05, then Ayushmana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 10:19, when the lead reaches 330°; Vanija until 23:04.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:29 to 06:29 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mesha gives Vaishakha. The Sun enters Vrishabha on 14 May, inside the month. The next new moon, 15 May, finds it in Vrishabha and begins Jyeshtha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 15 May, with the Sun in Vrishabha, begins Jyeshtha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Jyeshtha here, and Vaishakha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 16 Mar 1942, 20:49 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 55.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1999; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1864.