Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sun 23 Feb 1941

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 22:30 on Sun 23 Feb to 23:01 on Mon 24 Feb, so only Sunday night’s nishitha (00:03 Mon–00:49 Mon) falls within it.

Maha Shivratri: every date in Ipameri

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 22:26 on Sat 22 Feb to 22:30 on Sun 23 Feb, so only Sunday’s pradosha (18:42–20:59) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Ipameri

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 22:30 on Sun 23 Feb to 23:01 on Mon 24 Feb, so only Sunday night’s nishitha (00:03 Mon–00:49 Mon) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:09 here. Dwadashi ended at 22:26 Sat, before it. Trayodashi ends at 22:30, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 11 Feb, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 06:53, came before Dwadashi ended at 06:56: this day reads Dwadashi.

Ipameri · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 06:09, came after Dwadashi ended at 22:26 Sat: this day reads Trayodashi.

The night of Sat 22 Feb ran from sunset 18:42 Sat to sunrise 06:09, 11 h 27 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:09 to 18:42, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:42 to 06:10 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Ashadha spans 266°40′–280°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 276°40′. It leaves at 07:37, for Shravana.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 311.3° + 279.2° = 590.5°, one full turn and 230.5°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 226°40′–240°00′ is the 18th, Variyana. It ends at 22:25, then Parigha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 10:25, when the lead reaches 330°; Vanija until 22:30.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:09 to 06:10 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Makara gives Magha. The Sun enters Kumbha on 12 Feb, inside the month. The next new moon, 26 Feb, finds it in Kumbha and begins Phalguna.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 26 Feb, with the Sun in Kumbha, begins Phalguna. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Phalguna here, and Magha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 1940, 17:18 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 316.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1997; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1862.