Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Mon 17 Feb 1941

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 240°–252° is the 21st, Krishna Shashthi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:07 here. Panchami ended at 08:33 Sun, before it. Shashthi ends at 06:11, when the lead reaches 252°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 11 Feb, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Saptami began at 06:11 and ended at 04:04 Tue, between the sunrises of 06:07 and 06:08 Tue. Monday reads Shashthi and Tuesday reads Ashtami: Saptami is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sun 16 Feb ran from sunset 18:46 Sun to sunrise 06:07, 11 h 21 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:07 to 18:45, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:45 to 06:08 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Swati spans 186°40′–200°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 196°40′. It leaves at 10:45, for Vishakha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 305.3° + 197.3° = 502.6°, one full turn and 142.6°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 133°20′–146°40′ is the 11th, Vriddhi. It ends at 12:37, then Dhruva.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Shashthi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 19:21 Sun, when the lead reached 246°; Vanija runs until 06:11.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:07 to 06:08 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Makara gives Magha. The Sun enters Kumbha on 12 Feb, inside the month. The next new moon, 26 Feb, finds it in Kumbha and begins Phalguna.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 26 Feb, with the Sun in Kumbha, begins Phalguna. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Phalguna here, and Magha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 1940, 17:18 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 310.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1997; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1862.