Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Mon 28 Oct 1940

Dhanteras puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 05:38 on Mon 28 Oct to 02:15 on Tue 29 Oct, so only Monday’s pradosha (18:17–20:33) falls within it. No text giving Dhanteras’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Dhanteras puja muhurat: pradosha, 18:17–20:33. Within it Vrishabha, a fixed (sthira) lagna, rises in the east from 19:31 to 20:33.

Dhanteras: every date in Ipameri

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 05:38 on Mon 28 Oct to 02:15 on Tue 29 Oct, so only Monday’s pradosha (18:17–20:33) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Ipameri

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 02:15 on Tue 29 Oct to 22:40 on Tue 29 Oct, between the two nights’ nishitha, touching neither. The Nirnayasindhu then takes the earlier day: Mon 28 Oct. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 312°–324° is the 27th, Krishna Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:35 here. Ekadashi ended at 08:40 Sun, before it. Dwadashi ends at 05:38, when the lead reaches 324°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 16 Oct, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Trayodashi began at 05:38 and ended at 02:15 Tue, between the sunrises of 05:35 and 05:35 Tue. Monday reads Dwadashi and Tuesday reads Chaturdashi: Trayodashi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sun 27 Oct ran from sunset 18:17 Sun to sunrise 05:35, 11 h 18 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:35 to 18:17, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 35 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:17 to 05:35 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 24 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Phalguni spans 146°40′–160°00′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 153°20′. It leaves at 12:29, for Hasta.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 191.7° + 155.7° = 347.4°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 346°40′–360°00′ is the 27th, Vaidhriti. It ends at 00:26 Tue, then Vishkambha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 19:12 Sun, when the lead reached 318°; Taitila runs until 05:38.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:35 to 05:35 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 16 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 30 Oct, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 30 Oct, with the Sun in Tula, begins Kartika. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Kartika here, and Ashwina in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 1940, 17:18 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 196.9° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1997; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1862.